(1)I-Liquid chlorine disinfection
Izinzuzo:
I-Liquid chlorine inezindleko eziphansi kanye nomthombo wezinto ezibonakalayo olula; Awudingi imishini emikhulu; Kulula ukusebenza, lapho inani lamanzi aphathwayo likhulu, izindleko zokwelashwa ngeyunithi ngayinye yomzimba wamanzi ziphansi; Ngemuva kokukhishwa kwe-chlorine, amanzi angagcina inani elithile le-chlorine esele isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke inamandla okukhipha amagciwane okuqhubekayo, futhi umphumela wokubulala amagciwane muhle; Ukubulala amagciwane nge-chlorine kunomlando omude, isipiliyoni esengeziwe, kuyindlela evuthiwe yokubulala amagciwane.
Ububi:
I-liquid chlorine inobuthi obukhulu futhi iyaguquguquka ngokwedlulele, uma indawo yokuvuza isinkulu, izinga lokulimala lijulile; Kukhona ingozi yokuvuza ngesikhathi sokuthutha, ukugcinwa kanye nokusetshenziswa; Inkinga ye-disinfection by-products, ngemva kokusetshenziswa kwe-liquid chlorine disinfection, ivame ukukhiqiza ama-halogenated organic compounds kanye neminye imikhiqizo ye-disinfection by-products, izoba yingozi emzimbeni womuntu; Inomlando omude wokusetshenziswa, okuholela ekumelaneni nezidakamizwa, futhi ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kwe-chlorine ewuketshezi nakho kuletha ukungcoliswa kwemvelo kanye nokukhuthazwa kwezifo zabantu; Indlela yokubulala amagciwane iyodwa, engakwazi ukubulala ngokuphumelelayo i-Giardia ne-Cryptosporidium, futhi umphumela kumagciwane kanye nesikhunta mubi. Ukuzinza kwezinto eziphilayo emanzini okuphuza.
Indlela yokubulala amagciwane:
Ngokuthenga i-chlorine ewuketshezi ekheniwe, ukuhwamuka kwemvelo/umhwamuko kuhwamulisa i-chlorine eyigesi, ngohlelo lwe-chlorine emanzini ukuze kubulawe amagciwane.
Uhlelo lokubulala amagciwane luhlanganisa: indawo yokugcina i-chlorine yomphakathi, igumbi lokwengeza i-chlorine, igumbi lokumunca ukuvuza kwe-chlorine, ichibi lokuxhumana, njll. Izinto zokusebenza zihlanganisa amabhodlela e-chlorine, ibhasi, isilawuli se-vacuum, umshini wokwengeza i-chlorine, i-ejector yamanzi, imitha eyinsalela ye-chlorine, idivayisi yokumunca ukuvuza kwe-chlorine. , njll.
Njengamanje, indlela yokubulala amagciwane isetshenziswa kakhulu ezitshalweni ezinkulu zamanzi.
(2)Ukukhishwa kwe-sodium hypochlorite
Izinzuzo:
Inomphumela oqhubekayo wokubulala amagciwane we-chlorine esele, ukusebenza okulula, okuphephile futhi okulula kakhulu kune-chlorine ewuketshezi; Izindleko zokusebenzisa ziphakeme kune-chlorine ewuketshezi, kodwa iphansi kune-bleaching powder; Inomphumela ongcono wokubulala amagciwane kune-liquid chlorine.
Ububi:
Isixazululo se-sodium hypochlorite akulula ukugcinwa isikhathi eside (isikhathi esisebenzayo cishe unyaka owodwa). Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani elikhulu leziqukathi liyadingeka ukuze kuthengwe efektri, okuyinto enzima futhi engalungile ukuthutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhiqizo yezimboni inokungcola okuthile, futhi ukugxila kwesixazululo kuphezulu futhi kuyaguquguquka. Imishini incane futhi ukusetshenziswa kuvinjelwe; Kumele kudle inani elikhulu likagesi nosawoti, futhi i-chlorine ewuketshezi ingakhiqiza i-organic chloride ne-chlorophenol flavour; I-sodium hypochlorite kulula ukuwohloka, ukwengeza i-sodium hypochlorite inethuba lokwandisa imikhiqizo ye-inorganic by-products (i-chlorate, i-hypochlorite ne-bromate); Ukugcwala okuphezulu kwezidakamizwa, kulula ukukhiqiza ukumelana nezidakamizwa; Inomphumela omncane kuma-ion ensimbi, izibulala-zinambuzane ezisele, i-chlorophenol benzene nezinye izinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali eziphilayo. Iyagqwalisa imishini, ilimaza imvelo futhi ayihambisani nemvelo.
Indlela yokubulala amagciwane:
Isixazululo se-sodium hypochlorite salungiswa noma sathengwa endaweni futhi safakwa emanzini ngokufakwa kwephampu yokubulala amagciwane.
Njengamanje, le ndlela yokubulala amagciwane isetshenziswa kakhulu eziteshini zokuhlanza amanzi ezincane (1T/h).
(3)ukukhishwa kwe-chlorine dioxide
Izinzuzo:
Umphumela we-disinfectant muhle, umthamo mncane, umphumela uyashesha, umphumela wokubulala amagciwane uhlala isikhathi eside, ungagcina umthamo osele wokubulala amagciwane; I-oxidation enamandla, ingabola isakhiwo seseli, futhi ingabhubhisa ngokuphumelelayo i-protozoa, izinhlamvu, isikhunta, ulwelwe kanye nama-biofilms; Can ngesikhathi esisodwa ukulawula insimbi amanzi, manganese, umbala, ukunambitheka, iphunga; Ithintwa izinga lokushisa ne-pH, ububanzi be-pH bokusetshenziswa ngu-6-10, akuthintwa ubulukhuni bamanzi kanye nenani likasawoti; Ayikhiqizi i-trihalomethanes ne-haloacetic acid nezinye izinto ezikhiqizwayo, futhi ingakwazi ukwenza i-oxidize izinhlanganisela eziningi eziphilayo, ngaleyo ndlela inciphise ubuthi kanye nezakhiwo ze-mutagenic zamanzi nezinye izici; I-chlorine dioxide isetshenziselwa ukubulala amagciwane emanzini. Uma ukugxila kwayo kungu-0.5-1mg/L, kungabulala amagciwane angama-99% emanzini phakathi nomzuzu ongu-1. Umphumela wayo wokuvala inzalo uphindwe ka-10 kunegesi ye-chlorine, izikhathi ezi-2 kune-sodium hypochlorite, futhi amandla ayo okuvimbela amagciwane nawo aphakeme izikhathi ezi-3 kune-chlorine futhi izikhathi ezingu-1.9 ziphakeme kune-ozone.
Ububi:
I-Chlorine dioxide disinfection ikhiqiza i-inorganic disinfection by-products, i-chlorite ion (ClO2-) nama-chlorate ion (ClO3-), kanye ne-chlorine dioxide ngokwayo nayo iyingozi, ikakhulukazi ekugxilweni okuphezulu. I-ClO2- ne-ClO3- iyingozi kumangqamuzana egazi abomvu, ingaphazamisa ukumuncwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-iodine, futhi ingakhuphula i-cholesterol egazini; Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo yokulungiselela i-chlorine dioxide ezinzile iqinile futhi uketshezi olulahlwayo luyakhishwa. I-Acidic activator iyadingeka ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela ongcono wokubulala amagciwane uma isetshenziswa. Kukhona futhi ezinye izinkinga zobuchwepheshe ekulungiseleleni nasekusetshenzisweni, njengokusebenza okuyinkimbinkimbi kwe-chlorine dioxide, intengo ephezulu ye-reagent kanye nokuhlanzeka okuphansi. Kunezingozi ezinkulu zokuphepha ekuthuthweni, ekugcinweni nasekukhiqizweni kwezinto ezingavuthiwe ezidingekayo ekukhiqizeni i-chlorine dioxide. I-Hydrochloric acid njengempahla eluhlaza ye-methamphetamine, ukuqapha okuxekethile kuzoletha ubungozi bokukhiqizwa kwe-meth.
Indlela yokubulala amagciwane:
Igesi exubile ye-chlorine dioxide/chlorine ikhiqizwa ijeneretha yasensimini bese ifakwa emanzini ngesikhipha amanzi ukuze kubulawe amagciwane.
Uhlelo lokubulala amagciwane luhlanganisa: ukwakhiwa komphakathi kunendawo yokugcina impahla eluhlaza, igumbi lemishini, ichibi lokuxhumana, njll., okokusebenza kunethangi lokugcina impahla eluhlaza, ijeneretha ye-chlorine dioxide, i-ejector yamanzi, njll.
Njengamanje, indlela yokubulala amagciwane isetshenziswa kakhulu ezitshalweni zamanzi ezincane neziphakathi nendawo. Ngenxa yezizathu zobuchwepheshe, isikali semishini asikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokubulala amagciwane ezitshalweni ezinkulu zamanzi.
(4)Ukukhishwa kwe-ozone
Izinzuzo:
Umphumela omuhle wokuvala inzalo, umthamo omncane (0.1% ungaba), isenzo esisheshayo, ukusiza ukuhlangana; Can ngesikhathi esisodwa ukulawula insimbi amanzi, manganese, umbala, ukunambitheka, iphunga. Alukho ushintsho lwekhwalithi yamanzi; Ayikho imikhiqizo ekhiqizwa yi-halogenated disinfection; Akuthintwa kancane yi-pH, izinga lokushisa lamanzi kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-ammonia; Kunomphumela wendabuko we-chlorine wokukhipha amagciwane ungcono; Akukho ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukusebenza okulula
Ububi:
Ama-molecule e-ozone awazinzile futhi kulula ukuzibolisa ngokwawo, futhi isikhathi sokugcina emanzini sifushane kakhulu, singaphansi kwemizuzu engama-30. I-ozone disinfection ikhiqiza i-bromate, i-bromate, i-aldehydes, i-ketone kanye ne-carboxylic acid by-products, phakathi kwayo i-bromate ne-bromate ebalulwe emazingeni ekhwalithi yamanzi, ama-aldehydes, ama-ketone kanye ne-carboxylic acid by-products ezinye izinhlanganisela eziyingozi empilweni, ngakho-ke ukukhishwa kwe-ozone kuyingozi. ukusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe; Ubunzima bokukhiqiza, izindleko eziphezulu; Ngohlelo lwenethiwekhi yamapayipi amakhulu naphakathi, i-chlorine kufanele kuthenjelwe kuyo ukuze kugcinwe umphumela wokubulala amagciwane kunethiwekhi yamapayipi lapho kusetshenziswa ukukhishwa kwe-ozone; Ukubulala amagciwane kunokukhetha okuthile, njenge-penicillin, i-chloramphenicol inokumelana okuthile ne-ozone, idinga isikhathi eside ukuyibulala; Ngenxa yokuthi amandla ayo okukhipha i-oxidation angu-2.07, ingakwazi ukwelapha kuphela u-60-70% we-phycotoxin, futhi inomphumela olinganiselwe kuzinhlanganisela eziningi zamakhemikhali eziphikisayo. Inomphumela othile wokugqwala kwirabha yemvelo noma imikhiqizo yerabha yemvelo noma imikhiqizo yethusi (phambi kwamanzi negesi). Lapho ijeneretha ye-ozone isebenza, igesi evuthayo edlula umkhawulo wokuqhuma akufanele yethulwe. Ukungena kwe-ozone kubuthakathaka, futhi amandla okubulala amagciwane ekujuleni kwento aphansi
Indlela yokubulala amagciwane:
I-ozone ikhiqizwa ijeneretha yasensimini futhi ifakwa emanzini ngendwangu yomoya yendwangu noma umjovo wamanzi wokuvala inzalo nokubulala amagciwane.
Uhlelo lokubulala amagciwane luhlanganisa: igumbi lokukhiqiza i-ozone yomphakathi, ichibi lokuxhumana, njll., okokusebenza kunomthombo womoya, ijeneretha ye-ozone, idivayisi yomjovo we-ozone, idivayisi yokubhubhisa igesi ekhishwayo, ithuluzi lokuqapha kanye nohlelo lokulawula ugesi, njll.
Njengamanje, indlela yokubulala amagciwane isetshenziswa kakhulu esitshalweni samanzi ahlanzekile, futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa ekuhlanzeni okujulile kwamanzi kampompi kanye nendle ezindaweni ezithuthukile eChina.
(5)Ukukhishwa kwe-chloramine
Izinzuzo:
Imikhiqizo yokubulala amagciwane incane kakhulu kune-chlorine ewuketshezi, phakathi kwayo ukukhiqizwa kwe-haloacetic acid kuncishiswe ngo-90%, ukukhiqizwa kwe-trihalomethanes kuncipha ngo-70%; Ingahlala isikhathi eside kunethiwekhi yamapayipi futhi ilawule ngokuphumelelayo ukusakazwa kwamagciwane kunethiwekhi yamapayipi.
Ububi:
Isikhathi eside sokuphendula, isenzo esincane; Umphumela wokubulala we-Giardia ne-Cryptosporidium awumuhle; Kungase kube nokusabela okunobuthi esakhiweni sofuzo.
(6)Ukubulala amagciwane nge-potassium monopersulfate usawoti ohlanganisiwe
Izinzuzo:
Isibulali magciwane sefomu elingashi nelingaqhumi sinqoba ukuvuza, ukugingqika, ukuqhuma nokugqwala kwezinye izibulala-magciwane ezicini eziningi ezifana nokukhiqiza, ukuthuthwa, ukugcinwa nokusetshenziswa. Gcina ekamelweni lokushisa kuze kube iminyaka emibili; Eyokuqala e-China ayinayo i-chlorine futhi isebenzisa izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zomoya-mpilo osebenzayo njengezakhi ezibulala amagciwane, eqeda ngokuyisisekelo ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo ekhiqizwe nge-chlorine futhi inciphise kakhulu umthelela ongathi sína wemikhiqizo yendabuko yokubulala amagciwane empilweni yabantu (kuhlanganise ne-carcinogenesis kanye ubuthi bokuzala). Ukusabela komjikelezo weketango eliyingqayizivele neliphelele kwenza umkhiqizo uqhubeke ukhiqiza inani elikhulu lezithako ezisebenzayo ngemva kokungena emanzini, uqinisekisa ukuthi insalela yezithako ezisebenzayo emzimbeni wamanzi we-disinfectant ayinciphisi; Ukuhlalisana kwezithako ezihlukahlukene ezisebenzayo akugcini nje ngokuqinisa ikhono lokubulala amagciwane, kodwa futhi kwandisa i-spectrum ye-antibacterial, iqinisekisa umphumela wokubulala amagciwane kanye nokubulala ama-microorganisms ahlukahlukene e-pathogenic ngaphandle kwamagciwane. Akuthintwa kancane izinga lokushisa, inani le-pH nezinye izici; Unamandla amakhulu okuqhubeka nokuvala inzalo; I-oxidation eqinile yemishini yamapayipi odongeni passivation, andise impilo yesevisi yemishini; Kulula ukwengeza nokugcina, izindleko eziphelele eziphansi;
Ububi:
Iyagqwala ngezinga elithile futhi ayihlangani nezinto ezine-alkaline.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-19-2022